"observe sb. do sth." 和 "observe sb. doing sth." 都表示觀察某人做某事,但在語法和含義上有一些區別。
"observe sb. do sth." 表示觀察到某人完整地進行某個動作或活動。
"observe sb. doing sth." 表示觀察到某人正在進行某個動作或活動。
我將他們區別整理了一個表格方便大家查看。
"observe sb. do sth.":
表示觀察到某人完整地進行某個動作或活動。
動詞不定式 "do" 跟隨在名詞 "sb." 后面。
強調觀察到行為的整個過程。
例句:
"I observed her paint a beautiful portrait."(我觀察到她畫了一幅美麗的肖像畫。)
"The scientist observed the monkeys solve the puzzle."(科學家觀察到猴子解決了這個謎題。)
"We observed him perform the experiment."(我們觀察到他進行了實驗。)
"observe sb. doing sth.":
表示觀察到某人正在進行某個動作或活動。
動詞的現在分詞形式 "doing" 跟隨在名詞 "sb." 后面。
強調觀察到行為的進行中。
例句:
"I observed her painting a beautiful portrait."(我觀察到她正在畫一幅美麗的肖像畫。)
"The teacher observed the students working on their assignments."(老師觀察到學生們正在完成他們的作業。)
"They observed him practicing his presentation."(他們觀察到他正在練習他的演講。)
第一句對;第二句不對,要去掉to
應為:A man was observed going into the bank.
感官動詞see,watch,smell,notice,observe等在主動語態時后接動詞do或者doing
observe sb do sth-------------被動式為sb be observe to do.
observe sb doing--------------被動式為sb be observe doing.
感官動詞 see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel + do 表示動作的完整性,真實性;+doing 表示動作的連續性,進行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看見他在花園里干活了.(強調"我看見了"這個事實)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強調"我見他正干活"這個動作)
昨天我見他正在花園里干活.
典型例題
1)They knew her very well.They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow
答案:A.因題意為,他們看著她長大,因此強調的是成長的過程,而非正在長的動作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型.
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
答案A.本題強調其動作,正在河邊玩,應此用see sb.doing sth句型.
這個沒有特別的規律,只能靠記憶了,對于初中階段的學生,我建議你用結構造句,這樣記憶的比較深刻 不容易記混淆。
下面是一些初中生接觸到的動詞,我給你歸納了一下。
下列動詞或詞組后面都可以接doing:
admit 承認
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
買粉絲plete完成
買粉絲nsider認為
delay 耽誤
deny 否認
detest 討厭
enre 忍受
enjoy 喜歡
escape 逃脫
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推遲
practice 訓練
recall 回憶
resent 討厭
resume 繼續
resist 抵抗
risk 冒險
suggest 建議
face 面對
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 寬恕
keep 繼續
例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機音量調小一點,好嗎
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這松鼠幸運得很,剛逃避了被逮住的厄運。
admit to
prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
object to
stick to
no good
no use
be fond of
look forward to
be proud of
be busy
can't help
be tired of
be capable of
be afraid of
think of
burst out
keep on
insist on
買粉絲unt on
set about
put off
be good at
take up
give up
be successful in
下列動詞或詞組都可以用不定式:
afford
aim
agree
arrange
ask
decide
bother
care
choose
demand
desire
determine
elect
endeavor
hope
fail
help
learn
long 渴望
mean
manage
offer
plan
pretend
refuse
tend
undertake
expect
hate
intend
例如:
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意幫助我。
需要省略to的不定式的情況有:
1) 情態動詞 ( 除ought 外) 后。
2) 使役動詞 let, have, make后,感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
注意:被動語態中不能省去to。例如:
I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. 老板讓他們整夜干活。
=They were made to work the whole night.
3) would rather,had better句型后
4) Why… / why no…句型后
5) help 后可帶to,也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth:
6) but和except后。but前是實義動詞do時,后面出現的不定式不帶to。
比較:He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃這藥,他什么都信。
7) 由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式,第二個to 可以省去:
8) 通常在dis買粉絲ver, imagine, suppose, think等詞后作賓補時,可以省去to be。例如:
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應該是個好人。
一些重要的區分:
1) stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中斷做某事后去